Verb Forms Master Chart
Basic Verb Forms
Imperfective | Perfective |
|---|---|
Present imperfective stem + present ending | Subjunctive perfective stem + present ending |
Imperfective Future ba + Present | Perfective Future ba + Subjunctive |
Continuous Past imperfective root + past ending | Simple Past perfective root + past ending |
Habitual Continuous Past ba + Continuous Past | Habitual Simple Past ba + Simple Past |
Verb formulas as three choices:
There's another way to look at the possible verb forms. Whenever we make a verb form we have three choices:
- root (past) or stem (non-past)
- imperfective or perfective form
- with به - ba or without
We can use any possible combination of these 3 choices, giving us:
2 x 2 x 2 = 8 verb forms
Here's a chart of every possible combination of these choices, giving us all the basic verb forms:
| form | Has 'ba' | Imperfective / Perfective | Stem / Root |
|---|---|---|---|
| present | no | imperfective | stem |
| imperfective future | yes | imperfective | stem |
| subjunctive | no | perfective | stem |
| perfective future | yes | perfective | stem |
| continuous past | no | imperfective | root |
| habitual continuous past | yes | imperfective | root |
| simple past | no | perfective | root |
| habitual simple past | yes | perfective | root |
Hit the switches to try the combinations yourself!
present
imperfective stem + present endingImperative Forms
Imperative forms are different and use the imperative endings.
Imperfective | Perfective | |
|---|---|---|
| Pos. | Imperfective Imperative imperfective stem + imperative ending | Perfective Imperative perfective stem + imperative ending |
| Neg. | Negative Imperative مه - mú + imperfective stem + imperative ending | |
Perfect Verb Forms
Perfect verb forms are built with:
Any of the 8 equatives may be used to form 8 different perfect froms. Equative may be left out with the present perfect form.
Ability Verb Forms
Same formulas as basic verb forms but with the ability roots and stems.
Passive Verb Forms
Same formulas as the basic verb forms and perfect verb forms, but with the passive roots and stems.