Participles words that are made from verbs but act as a noun or adjective.

There are 3 types of participles.

1. Root/Infinitive
2. -ونکی - -oonkay suffix
3. Past Participle

Root/Infinitive

This is the easiest to make. It's just the imperfective root, which is the infinitive or "dictionary form" of a verb. For example, for the verb لیکل - leekúl (to write), it's... لیکل - leekúl. That's right, it looks exactly the same, but when it's a participle it functions as a 3rd person plural noun in the sentence.

Here's an example where we use لیکل - leekúl to describe the activity or action of writing. And, as with all these kind of participles, it functions as a 3rd person plural noun.

These kinds of participles are used like the "-ing" present particple in English, or like the "to be" infinitives in English.

Inflecting the Root/Infinitive Participle

Just like with other nouns, these participles will inflect when:

1. They're in a sandwich
2. They're the subject of a past tense transitive verb

And just like with other plural nouns, they are inflected by adding an و - o on the end.

1. Inflecting in a sandwich

2. Inflecting as a subject of a past tense transitive verb

Since these particples are nouns, they can also be the subject of a sentance. For example:

ونکی - óonkay suffix

This type of participle is formed by adding ونکی - oonkay to the end of the short version of the imperfective root of a verb.

As an adjective

This form can be used to transform verbs into adjectives. For example, from the verb دردول - dardawul (to hurt, cause pain/sadness), we can add the ونکی - óonkay suffix and get the adjective دردونکی - dardawóonkay (sad/painful).

These "adjectives" will inflect just like any other adjectives ending with an unstressed ی - ay.

As an agent noun

This suffix can also be used to make verbs into agent nouns. This is like how in English we use "-er" or "-or" suffixes to make nouns like "worker", "player", "cutter", "gamer".

Verb	Agent Noun
زده کول zda kawul to learn	زده کوونکی zda kawóonkay student/learner
ښوول xowul to teach	ښووونکی xowóonkay teacher
لیدل leedul to see	لیدونکی leedóonkay viewer
اورېدل awredul to hear	اورېدونکی awredoonkay listener

Of course, these nouns will inflect just like any other nounse ending with an unstressed ی - ay.

Past Participle

They work as an adjective... EXPLANATION TO BE ADDED.