Dynamic Compounds

Dynamic compounds are actually a lot simpler than stative compounds. They're just made up of an helper verb--often کول - kawúl (to do)--and an action (noun) that gets done.

For helper verbs, we will use the dynamic کول - kawúl / کېدل - kedúl verbs, as well as some others.

Transitive Dynamic Compounds

Most of the time you will see dynamic compounds that are transitive. And the great thing about them is that they bring their own object with them! The noun that comes along with the compound is always the object of the phrase. For example the dynamic compound verb کار کول - kaar kawul (to work) is made up of these two parts.

Then when we use this in a phrase we see that the noun in the compound functions as the object of the phrase.

There's no strange welding or squishing or any of that business that we saw with stative compounds. All we have is a block for the object that is included in the compound, and helper verb.

And now we see that کول - kawul (to do) takes an و - óo prefix, just like normal verbs. So whenever you see کول - kawul with an و - óo prefix, you know it's a dynamic compound, and not stative.

Remember that with these compounds the object is always the noun that comes in the compound, so with the past tense the verb will always agree with this object. (In past tense transitive verbs, the object is king )

Using other helper verbs

There are a lot of dynamic compounds that use help verbs like وهل - wahúl (to hit), خوړل - khoRúl (to eat), ساتل - saatúl and a bunch of others.

That's literally, "We're hitting (verb) runs (object)"

Or literally, they ate (verb) defeat. (object)

Attaching other actors

We'll notice that these compounds include an object, and in Pashto there can be one object in a sentence. So what do we do when we have a verb like خدمت کول - khidmat kawul (to serve) but we want to say that we're serving someone (another object?)

Well we have to attach the object to the phrase either as a possesor to the noun, or as an AP/Sandwich in the phrase. (Some might call this an indirect object but we'll avoid that term because it probably creates extra confusion.)

For instance if we want to say "I will serve the people" we have to say something like "I will do service of the people"

If we want to use پوښتڼه کول - poxtuna kawul (to ask) say "I asked you", well we already have پوښټنه - poxtuna as the object, so we have to say "I did a question (object) from you (sandwich)."

Intransitive Dynamic Compounds

If a dynamic compound was made with کول - kawul (to do) we can use کېدل - kedúl (to become) to make an intransitive version of the compound (to say that the event happened/occured.)

For example: